Samh

Titawin or Upsilon Andromedae is a binary system, in which the primary star is a yellow-white dwarf a little hotter and more massive than the Sun. This star is orbited at a distance of some 750 AU by a much lower-mass red dwarf and also, in much closer orbits, by a series of three known planets.

All three of these planets are gas giants, and even the least massive inner planet Saffar (Upsilon Andromedae b) has nearly twice the mass of Jupiter. Samh, or Upsilon Andromedae c, is far more massive even than this, with at least ten times Jupiter's mass, and with some estimates making it up to fourteen times as massive as Jupiter.

Samh orbits its star Titawin at a distance of 0.829 AU, a little closer than Earth is to the Sun. Within this orbit is the less massive inner planet Saffar, while some three times farther from the star than Samh is the system's third planet, another immense gas giant named Majriti or Upsilon Andromedae d. There are some indications that Samh may have yet another companion planet in a more distant orbit still, but this remains to be confirmed.

Samh follows a notable and unsual orbital path around its star. Unlike the Solar System, the planets of Titawin do not lie within a single orbital plane, but each is inclined in a different alignment to its star. Samh is particularly extreme in this regard, with its highly inclined orbit carrying it far out of the star's equatorial plane, looping above and below the orbits of its fellow planets. The history of this peculiar arrangement remains unclear, but it has been suggested that the outer planet Majriti interacted with another object, and the resulting cascade of orbital disruptions spun all of Titawin's planets into their current strange orbital structure. (If this hypothesis is correct, then the unknown interloper would almost certainly have been thrown out into interstellar space by the event to become a rogue planet).

The star Titawin and its three known planets were named as part of the NameExoWorld 2014 project, with the names being selected by astronomers in Morocco. All three of the planets take their names from scientists of the tenth and eleventh centuries, with Samh being named for the mathematician and astronomer Ibn al-Samh of Spain (979 - 1035).